Historical Background
The following is a chronological overview of the creation of Nunavut:
1973
Inuit Tapirisat of Canada (ITC) begins a study of Inuit land use and occupancy which eventually demonstrates the extent of Inuit aboriginal title in the Arctic. This study forms the geographic basis of the Nunavut Territory.
1976
ITC proposes the creation of a Nunavut Territory as part of a comprehensive settlement of Inuit land claims in the Northwest Territories. The Nunavut Proposal calls for the Beaufort Sea and Yukon North Slope areas used by the Inuvialuit to be included in the Nunavut Territory.
1980
At its Annual General Meeting in October, ITC delegates unanimously pass a resolution calling for the creation of Nunavut.
1990
Tungavik Federation of Nunavut (TFN) and representatives of the federal and territorial governments sign a land claims agreement-in-principle in April. The agreement supports the division of the Northwest Territories and provides for a plebiscite on boundaries.
1992
In January, TFN and government negotiators come to an agreement on the substantive portions of the final land claims agreement for the Nunavut region. The agreement contains commitments for the creation of a Nunavut territory and government, subject to a boundary plebiscite and the conclusion of the Nunavut Political Accord. This Accord would detail the timetable and process for establishing Nunavut.
An overall majority of voters in the Northwest Territories and the Nunavut area approve the proposed boundary for division in a May plebiscite.
In October, TFN and government representatives sign the Nunavut Political Accord, setting the creation of Nunavut as April 1, 1999.
In November 1992, in a Nunavut-wide vote, the Inuit of Nunavut ratify the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement.
1993
The Nunavut Agreement is signed in May. In June, the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement Act and the Nunavut Act are adopted by Parliament and receive Royal Assent.
1995 and 1996
Footprints in New Snow and Footprints II, documents written by the Nunavut Implementation Commission, recommend that certain headquarters and regional functions of the Nunavut government be decentralized to communities. Footprints II is used as the blueprint for the foundation of the Government of Nunavut.
1997
The Office of the Interim Commissioner is established to help prepare for the creation of Nunavut. It is responsible for setting up an operational government ready to function effectively on April 1, 1999.
1998
Amendments to the Nunavut Act are adopted by Parliament and receive Royal Assent.
1999
The Nunavut Territory and Government come into existence on April 1, 1999
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